Nanomaterials exhibit unique mechanical and physical properties compared to their coarse-grained counterparts, and are consequently a major focus of current scientific research. This book provides a detailed overview of the processing methods, defect structure and defect-related mechanical and physical properties of a wide range of nanomaterials. It begins with a review of the production methods of nanomaterials, including severe plastic deformation, powder metallurgy and electrodeposition. The contributors also cover topics such as the thermal stability of defect structure in nanomaterials and a study of the influence of lattice defects on mechanical and hydrogen storage properties.